|
|
||||
|
|
||||
|
||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The Boston Schoolyard Initiative (BSI) is a policy effort to rebuild school yards in Boston through innovative citywide public-private partnerships. At the center of the initiative is a commitment to engage multiple stakeholders and utilize a bottom-up planning process to encourage meaningful change. Based on a case study of BSI, this article develops a framework to understand and analyze how different school and neighborhood sectors can partner to benefit neighborhood communities and utilize the built environment to encourage more active living and active learning. The article contributes to a literature that focuses on the effects of school yards and the role of physically active environments on learning. It expands on this literature by looking at the school-yard initiative as a way to build and expand relationships between teachers, parents, and the community at large. Finally, the study shows that even older schools in inner-city neighborhoods, previously considered blights, can be turned into community, educational, and political assets.
Anderson, P., and K. Butcher. 2006. Childhood Obesity: Trends and Potential Causes. Future of Children 16 (1): 19-45.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
Boston Public Schools (BPS). 2006. BPS at a Glance. boston.k12.ma.us/bps/bpsglance.asp (accessed August 31, 2006).
Brink, L., and B. Yost. 2004. Transforming Inner-City School Grounds: Lessons from Learning Landscapes. Children, Youth, and Environments 14 (1): 208-232.
Bronfenbrenner, U. 1979. The Ecology of Human Development: Experiments by Nature and Design. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Brugge, D., and A. Kole. 2005. A Case-Study of Community-Based Participatory Research Ethics: The Healthy Public Housing Initiative. In Community Research in Environmental Health: Studies in Science, Advocacy, and Ethics, ed. D. Brugge and H. Hynes, 33-48. Burlington, VT: Ashgate.
Chavis, D., and A. Watersman. 1990. Sense of Community in the Urban Environment: A Catalyst for Participation and Community Development. American Journal of Community Development 18 (1): 35-81.
Dyment, J. 2005. Green School Grounds as Sites for Outdoor Learning: Barriers and Opportunities. International Research in Geographical and Environmental Education 14: 28-45.
Easley, C., C. Evans, and C. Heatherly. 2005. Boston Schoolyard Initiative. Boston: Boston University School of Public Health.
Flodmark, C.-E., C. Marcus, and M. Britton. 2006. Interventions to Prevent Obesity in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Literature Review. International Journal of Obesity 30: 579-589.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
Flynn, M., D. McNeil, B. Maloff, D. Mutasingwa, M. Wu, C. Ford, and S. C. Tough. 2006. Reducing Obesity and Related Chronic Disease Risk in Children and Youth: A Synthesis of Evidence with "Best Practice" Recommendations. Obesity Reviews 7 (suppl. 1): 7-66.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
Gamm, G. 1999. Urban Exodus: Why the Jews Left Boston and the Catholics Stayed. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Gital, R., and A. Vital. 1998. Community Organizing: Building Social Capital as a Development Strategy. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Jennings, J. 2004. Urban Planning, Community Participation, and the Roxbury Master Plan in Boston. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 594: 12-33.[Abstract]
Kahne, J., J. O'Brien, A. Brown, and T. Quinn. 2001. Leveraging Social Capital and School Improvement: The Case of a School Network and a Comprehensive Community Initiative in Chicago. Educational Administration Quarterly 37: 429-461.
King, M. 1981. Chain of Change: Struggles for Black Community Development. Boston: South End Press.
Kloos, B., J. McCoy, E. Stewart, R. E. Thomas, A. Wiley, T. L. Good, G. D. Hunt, T. Moore, and J. Rappaport. 1997. Bridging the Gap: A Community-Based, Open-Systems Approach to School and Neighborhood Consultation. Journal of Educational and Psychological Consultation 8: 175-196.[CrossRef][Web of Science]
Kotlowitz, A. 1991. There Are No Children Here. New York: Doubleday.
Kozol, J. 1991. Savage Inequalities. New York: Crown.
Levine, H., and L. Harmon. 1992. The Death of an American Jewish Community: A Tragedy of Good Intentions. New York: Free Press.
Lopez, M. 2003. Organizing Can Help Parents Improve Schools. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Family Research Project.
Malone, K., and P. Tranter. 2003. Children's Environmental Learning and the Use, Design, and Management of Schoolgrounds. Children, Youth, and Environments 13 (2). www.colorado.edu/journals/cye/13_2/Malone_Tranter/ChildrensEnvLearning.htm.
Medoff, P., and H. Sklar. 1994. Streets of Hope. Boston, MA: South End Press.
Portz, J., L. Stein, and R. R. Jones. 1999. City Schools and City Politics: Institutions and Leadership in Pittsburgh, Boston, and St. Louis. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas.
Rahm, J. 2002. Emergent Learning Opportunities in an Inner-City Youth Gardening Program. Journal of Research in Science Teaching 39: 164-184.[CrossRef][Web of Science]
Rich, M. J., M. W. Giles, and E. Stern. 2001. Collaborating to Reduce Poverty: Views from City Halls and Community-Based Organizations. Urban Affairs Review 37: 184-204.
Riehl, C. 2000. The Principal's Role in Creating Inclusive Schools for Diverse Students: A Review of Normative, Empirical, and Critical Literature on the Practice of Educational Administration. Review of Educational Research 70: 55-81.
Rutter, M. 1983. School Effects of Pupil Progress: Research Findings and Policy Implications. Child Development 54: 1-29.[CrossRef][Web of Science]
Sherry, B. 2005. Food Behaviors and Other Strategies to Prevent and Treat Pediatric Overweight. International Journal of Obesity 29 (suppl. 2): S116-S126.[CrossRef][Web of Science]
Stone, C., J. Henig, B. D. Jones, and C. Pierannunzi. 2001. Building Civic Capacity: The Politics of Reforming Urban Schools. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas.
Wandersman, A., and M. Nation. 1998. Urban Neighborhoods and Mental Health: Psychological Contributions to Understanding Toxicity, Resilience, and Interventions. American Psychologist 53: 647-656.[CrossRef][Medline]
Weinstein, C. 1988. Changing a Schoolyard: Intentions, Design Decisions, and Behavioral Outcomes. Environment and Behavior 20: 345-371.[Abstract]
Wiltfang, G., and M. Scarbecz. 1990. Social Class and Adolescent's Self-Esteem: Another Look. Social Psychology Quarterly 53: 174-183.[CrossRef][Web of Science]
Yin, R. 2002. Case Study Research: Design and Methods. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|